High-speed shaping machine with hydraulic drive



p E., STURM 1,925,215

HIGH SPEED SHAPING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE Filed May 28, 1930 4Sheets-Sheet l /n venfor':

Sept. 5, 1933. E. STURM HIGH SPEED SHAPING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE4 Sheets-Sheet Filed May 28 Zffa/M E. STURM 1,925,215 HIGH SPEED SHAPINGMACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE Sept. 5, 1933.

Filed May 28 v4 Sheets-Sheet 3 I IIIIIIIIIII lnyenfon: FJh

Sept. '5, 1933.

E..STURM HIGH SPEED SHAPING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE Filed May 28,1930 SheetsSheet 4 Patented Sept. 5, 1933 UNITED STATES HIGH-SPEEDSHAPING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE Erwin Sturm, Stuttgart-Botnang,Germany Application May 28, 1930, Serial No. 458,848, and in GermanyDecember 31, 1929 8' Claims.

The present invention relates to a hydraulically operated shapingmachine and it consists primarily in the fact that the tool-carrying ramis driven by a pump with adjustable and reversible delivery and thework-carrying table is fed transversely by a hydraulic transmission gearcoming into action intermittently.

In the further development of the invention the reversing of the pumpdriving the ram is obtained from a controlling slide, which is adjustedby a mechanical reversing device or feed gear box actuated by stops onthe ram. For this purpose the controlling slide carries a groove, whichcontrols the reversing lever of the pump.

A further development ofthe invention consists in inserting the partcarrying the cam groove slidably in the controlling slide, to enable theworking speed of the ram to be regulated thereby. The cam groove ispreferably so shaped that only the speed of the working stroke isregulated, while the return speed remains unaltered.

Furthermore according to the invention, for the stopping of the machine,a disengaging lever is provided, which by means of a projection releasesthe feed gearbox when the cam groove has caused the pump to run light.In order to enable the machine to be stopped with any speed engaged, themidposition of the cam groove is constructed without inclination.

The reversal of the machine according to the present invention byaltering the direction of delivery of the pump presents importantadvantages as compared with the reversal by a special reversing slide.The reversal is completely free from shock, since the ram is smoothlybraked to a standstill by the pump, because when reversing the pump thedelivery thereof is brought to zero during the first part of thereversing path and is connected for the second part in the new directionof delivery, rising from zero to the delivery quantity adjusted. Thisshock-free reversal enables considerably more strokes per minute to beadopted than would be possible when employing a separate reversingslide. Furthermore the reversal by the pump itself yields simpler pipelines, with but few packings, as well as the omission of the packing ofthe reversing slide, which is always diflicult at high pressures.

The reversal by changing the direction of delivery of the pump alsopermits in the simplest manner of the adoption of a return acceleratedto' any desired extent, since for this purpose it is only necessary togive the pump an appropriate return output for the return stroke.

It is an advantage in machines according to the invention to give thepressure piston equally large piston areas at both ends. In this way auniform circulation of motive fluid and a satisfactory ventilation areobtained, since the quantity of motive fluid returning to the pump isalways equal to the quantity of motive fluid delivered by the pump, sothat the pump is always working with full admission.

Furthermore according to the invention, from the slide that controls thepumps, the control of a special hydraulic transmission gear effectingthe feeding of the work-carrying table is also obtained, this hydraulictransmission gear being equipped with a throttling device, which on theone hand permits 01 diflerent admissions to the hydraulic motor of thegear for the purpose of regulating the speed of feed, and on the otherhand effects an intermittent admission to the motor during the return ofthe ram.

One constructional form of the invention is illustrated by way ofexample in the accompanying drawings. Here,

Figures 1 and 2 are opposite side views of the machine, Figure 1 beingpartially in section,

Figure 3 shows the upper part of the machine, as seen from the back, ona larger scale,

Figure 4 shows the controlling device, partly in section,

Figure 4a is a plan of a detail,

Figures 411, 4c and 4d show the switch box in three different positionson a larger scale,

Figure-5 is a section on the line V--V in Fig. 4,

Figure 6 is a section on the line VI-VI in Fig. 4,

Figure '7 is a section on the line VII-VII Fig. 4,

Figure 8 shows the feed gear in longitudinal section on the line 8-8 inFigure 9 and,

Figure 9 in cross section, with the throttling device and the adjustingdevice for the feed,

Figure 10 is a side view of the control lever,

Figure 11 is a sectional elevation corresponding to part of Figure 8,but showing the reversing valve of the transverse table feed on a largerscale, with the rotatable valve member in a difierent position;

Figure 12 is a sectional elevation 01' the reversing valve on the line12-12 in Figure 9, with the rotatable valve member in the same positionas in Figure '8; and 1 Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 12, butwith the rotatable valve member in the same position as in Figure 11.

To the standard 1 is secured a cylinder 2, in

which there moves a pressure piston 3. The I pressure piston 3 issupported with the ends of the piston rods 4 and 4' against the ram 5,which carries the tool box, and is so supported as to be horizontallyslidable in the standard. On the standard 1 there is furthermore a pump6, which is driven by an electric motor or a belt. The pump 6 is in aknown manner so constructed that the quantity delivered thereby isadjustable from zero up to a maximum value, and the direction ofdelivery is reversible. It is connected by two pipes 7 and 7' to the twoends of the cylinder 2. The member of the pump 6 serving for adjustingthe quantity delivered and for reversing the direction of delivery isprovided with a pin 8 (Figure 3), which projects out of the pump casingand is brought into connection with a lever 9, secured upon a shaft 10.Upon this shaft is mounted on the other side of the standard 1 a lever11, which engages by a pin 12 in a cam groove 14 in a slide piece 13. Byadjusting the slide piece 13, the levers 9 and 11 are shifted inconsequence of the obliquely and discontinuously extending cam groove14, and the adjusting of the pump to a different output, as well as thereversal thereof, are thereby effected.

In order to enable the speed of the cam to be regulated by adjusting thepump to different delivery outputs, the slide piece 13 is adjustablysupported in a longitudinal slot 15 in a fiat slide 16, which isdisplaceably supported in a cover 17 secured to the frame. Theadjustment of the slide piece 13 is effected by a positioning spindle18, which passes by means of a screw thread 18' through the narrowerdownward projecting part 13' on the slide piece 13. The spindle 18engages in a bush 19, which is supported on the cover 17, and which canbe set in rotation from a handwheel 20 by means of a worm 21 andworm-wheel 22. For this purpose the spindle 18 is so connected with thebush 19 by the key 23 as to be non-rotatable but axially displaceabletherein. By shifting the cam groove 14 the pump 6 can be adjusted forthe speed of cutting needed at any time for the forward stroke.

The slide 16 is reeiprocated with a fixed stroke from the enclosed gearbox known in high-speed planers by means of a crank 24.

The reversing device is actuated by two stops 25 and 25', adjustablyfitted to the ram 5. These stops each co-operate with a slide, 26 and 26respectively, which are so supported as to be slidable one over theother in a groove 6'7 in the control casing. Each of these slides has onone side teeth 68 and 68 respectively, which mesh with a toothed wheel69 secured to the shaft 27. The lower slide 26 therefore engages withthe toothed wheel to the right of the shaft 27, and the upper slide 26to the left of the shaft, as shown in Figure 4a. If therefore the stop25 meets the projecting slide 26, the latter is pressed back and theshaft 27 thereby rotated in a clockwise direction, but the upper slide26 is moved outwards again against the ram 5. Upon the return of the ramthe stop 25' comes into action and pushes the slide 26' back, wherebythe control shaft 27 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, and theother slide 26 is brought forward again into its operative position. Theshifting of the shaft 27 is then transmitted by the toothed wheel 28 toa slide 30, which is supported in a guide 29, and which shifts theswitch box to right or left.

The feed gear consists of a toothed ring 31, which is coupled with aworm wheel 32, which,

- so long as the pump 6 is running, is driven by a worm 34, mounted upona shaft 33. In the interior of the toothed ring 31 is arranged a disc35, rigidly connected with the crank 24, and on this disc is supportedin a recess a double-armed pawl 36, one arm of which is able to engagein the internal teeth 31' of the ring of teeth 31, while the other armis able to bear against stop surfaces and 30 on the slide 30 ondiametrically opposite sides of the centre of the disc 35, which areexactly 180" apart. When these stops are not acting upon the pawl 36 itsinner arm is brought by a spring 37 into engagement with the teeth 31',whereby the crank 24 is driven, and the slide 16 therebyv shifted, andwith it the cam groove 14.

In Figures 4 and 4b the apparatus is shown in the position in which thepawl 36. owing to the stop 30', is out of engagement with the ring ofteeth 31, and the slide 16 is in its left-hand end position, in whichthe pump is adjusted to maximum delivery quantity for the advance of theram 5. Now as soon as the stop 25 strikes against the slide 26, theslide 30 is shifted to the right, as a result of which the pawl 36 isset free. and its other end, owing to the action of the spring 37, comesinto engagement with the teeth 31' of the ring 31. Since this ringrevolves continuously it takes the disc with it, as shown in Figure 40,with the pin 24 mounted thereon. as a result of which the slide valve 16is shifted to the right. The shifting amounts however only to 180degrees, because owing to the shifting of the slide 30 the left-handstop surface-30" has come into the path of'the pawl 36, and in thisposition the coupling between the ring of teeth 31 and the crank isreleased again, as shown in Figure 4d. The crank pin 24 has thereforebeen rotated through 180 degrees, and the slide 16 has thereby beenbrought into the other end position.

During this movement the pin 12 slides in the control groove 14 in sucha way that it switches the pump through zero delivery to return motion,so that the pump returns the ram at maximum delivery quantity until bythe ram stop 25 the slide 30 is thrown over to the left again, and theswitch box is returned out of the position shown in Figure 411 into theposition shown in Figure 4?).

Now the adjusting of the speed of the ram is effected by shifting theposition of the slide piece carrying the cam groove 14 in the slide 16,so that the lever 11 influenced by the cam groove is rotated to agreater or less extent out of the position that determines the idlerunning of the pump. If the pin 12 is located for example in the centralstepped portion of the cam groove 14 the pump runs idly and the drive ofthe ram is interrupted. It is therefore possible, by shifting thehandwheel, to alter the forward-speed of the ram uniformly from zero toa maximum value.

If the machine is to stop, and the pump 6 is not to deliver, it is thennecessary to shift the slide 16 only so far that the pin is located inthe central notch of the cam groove 14 corresponding to zero delivery.In order to attain this, round a shaft 39 beside the gear box is fitteda lever 40 with a stop surface 40', which, in the position shown inFigure 4, releases the pawl 36 after only 90 degrees rotation, so thatthe slide remains stationary in the middle of its stroke. The lever 40is shifted by means of a handle 41.

In order also to enable the reversal to be ef fected by hand there issupported on the frame 1 a shaft 42, which, being rocked by a hand lever43, shifts the feed shaft 2'7 by means of toothed gearing 44, 44'.

The intermittent feed of the table 45 islikewise effected by hydraulicmeans. For this purpose, upon one side of the machine is fitted ahydraulic gear 46, which consists of a pump 47 and a motor 48. The pumpis driven at a constant speed from the main pump shaft 49 through bevelwheels 50 and a worm gear 52' co-operating with a worm 52 on a shaft 51.The movement of the table 45 is here obtained from the shaft 48 of themotor 48 in the known manner which is usual in shaping machines. In thepresent instance the shaft 48' drives a feed screw, not furtherillustrated, which is co-axial with it, and which meshes in a knownmanner with a nut or internal screw thread in the table 45, and, as itrotates, moves the table along the slide track 70. In order to obtainthe intermittent table feed it is necessary to let the pump 4'7 runlight during the ram stroke, while it feeds the motor 48intermittentlyduring the return of the ram and drives it according to the desiredtable feed. In order to render this possible there is interposed, in themotive fiuid passages provided between the pump and the motor, a hollowrotatable valve member 53, which is divided by a partition into apressure chamber 54 and a suction chamber 55. According to the positionof the hollow rotatable valve member 53, either the passage 56 isconnected to the pressure side '72 of the pump as shown in Figure 12 andthe passage 57 to the suction side 71, as shown in Figure 8, orconversely the passage 56 is connected with the suction aperture '71 ofthe pump, as shown in Fig.

11, and the passage 57 with the delivery aperture 72 of the pump, asshown in Figure 13, so that the liquid motor 48 runs either toright orleft. The reversal is effected by means of a hand lever 58, which isrigidly connected with the rotatable valve member 53. 1

In order to obtain the intermittent driving of the motor there is in thepartition of the hollow rotatable valve member 53 an aperture 59, whichestablishes a connection between the suction and pressure chambers ofthe pump when the spindle 60, which is axially displaceable in thehollow rotatable valve member, sets this aperture free. In this case thepump runs idly and the motor stands still. If however this spindlecloses the aperture 59, the motor is driven in one direction or theother according to the position of the hollow rotatable valve member.

Now the shifting of the spindle 60 is likewise effected from the slide16 moved by the switching device. For this purpose there is fitted to ita switch nose 61, shown in Figures 4, 5 and '7. In switching for thereturn of the ram the nose 61 on the slide 16 pushes back a spring bolt62,

which is slidably supported in the cover 17 as' shown in'Figure 5, andthis spring bolt rocks a lever arm 63, shown in Figures 2, 4 and '7. Thearm 63 is mounted fast upon a positioning shaft 64, shown in Figuresland 10. A second lever arm 65, also mounted fast on the shaft 64, is

therefore oscillated through the same angle as thearm 63.

The outer end of the spindle 60 passes through a collar formed in thisarm 65, as shown in Figure 10, the spindle being formed with abutmentsbearing against the collar, so that when the shaft 64 is rotated throughan angle in a clockwise direction (having regard to Figures 7 and 10)the spindle moves inwards, thereby closing the aperture 59.

To enable the magnitude of the feed to be varied by turning the head 66.Hence a greater or smaller amount of motive fluid circulates idly, andthe speed of revolution of the motor is thereby regulated. From themotor the table feed is then effected by means of a guide spindle or thelike.

What I claim is:-

1. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulic ramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, awork-carrying table, means for adjusting the quantity of liquiddelivered by the pump, a control slide for reversing the direction ofdelivery of the pump, a slide piece adjustably fitted to the controlslide and formed with'a cam groove, a mechanical reversing device forshifting the control slide, stops on the ram for actuating themechanical reversing device, a pin engaging in the cam groove andadapted to be displaced therein when the stops on the ram cause the.

quantity of liquid delivered by the pump, a control slide for reversingthe direction of delivery of the pump, a slide piece adjustably' fittedto the control slide and formed with a cam groove, amechanical reversingdevice for shifting the control slide, stops on the ram for actuatingthe mechanical reversing device, a pin engaging in the cam groove andadapted to be displaced therein when the stops on the ram cause themechanical reversing device to shift the control slide, transmissionmeans actuated by the pin and adapted to connect the pump for advance,idle running and return as required, and means for adjusting theposition of the slide piece on the control slide and thereby regulatingthe speed of the ram, the cam groove being so shaped that upon the slidepiece being shifted only the speed of advance is regulated, while thespeed of return remains unaltered.

3. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulic ramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, awork-carrying table, means for adjusting the quantity of liquiddelivered by the pump, a control slide for reversing the direction ofdelivery of the pump, a mechanical reversing device for shifting thecontrol slide, stops on the ram for actuating the mechanical reversingdevice, liquid gear consisting of a pump and a'motor controlled by thecontrol slide for feeding the workcarrying table in a directiontransverse to the direction of reciprocation of the tool, and athrottling device arranged between the pump and the motor of the liquidgear, the said throttling device being adapted in one adjusted positionto short-circuit the motive fluid delivered by the pump entirely, inanother adjusted position to by-pass the said motive fiuid partially,and in another adjusted position to feed the motor fully.

4. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulic ramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, awork-carrying table, means for adjusting the quantity of liquiddelivered by the pump, a control slide for reversing the direction ofdelivery of the pump, a mechanicalv reversing device for shifting thecontrol slide, stops on the ram for actuating the mechanical reversingdevice, liquid gear consisting of a pump and a motor controlled by thecontrol slide for feeding the work-carrying table in a directiontransverse to the direction of reciprocation of the tool, a reversingslide. a throttling valve fitted into the reversing slide and interposedbetween the pump and the motor of the liquid gear, the said throttlingvalve being adapted in one adjusted position to short-circuit the motivefluid delivered by the pump entirely, in another adjusted position toby-pass the said motive 'iluid partially, and in another adjustedposition to feed the motor fully. and a stop on the control slide forcontrolling the throttling valve;

5. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulic ramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, awork-carrying table, means for adjusting the quantity of liquiddelivered by the pump, a control slide for reversing the direction ofdelivery of the pump, a mechanical reversing device for shifting thecontrol slide, stops on the ram for actuating the mechanical reversingdevice. liquid gear consisting of a pump and a motor controlled by thecontrol slide for feeding the work-earrying table in a directiontransverse to the direction of reciprocation of the tool, a reversingslide, a throttling valve fitted into the reversing slide and interposedbetween the pump and the motor of the liquid gear, the said throttlingvalve being adapted in one adjusted position to short-circuit the motivefluid delivered by the pump entirely, in another adjusted position toby-pass the said motive fluid partially, and in another adjustedposition to feed the motor fully and being further adapted to have itsinitial position adjusted by hand to regulate the magnitude of the feed,

and a stop on the control slide for controlling the throttling valve.

6. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulic ramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, acontrol slide for reversing the direction of delivery of the pump, twostops on the ram, two superposed sliding members, adapted respectivelyto be displaced by the said stops, one at one end of the stroke of theram and the other at the other end, a toothed rack on each of thesliding members, a toothed pinion located between the racks and meshingwith both of them, so that when one sliding member is displaced by a ramstop the other is returned into the path of the other ram stop, andmeans actuated by the toothed pinion for reciprocating the control slidethat reverses the pump.

7. A hydraulically operated shaping machine, comprising a hydraulicramcarrying the shaping tool, a pump for actuating the hydraulic ram, acontrol slide for reversing the direction of delivery of the pump, acrank pin for reciprocating the control slide, a rotatable disc carryingthe crank pin, a continuously rotating internally toothed ringconcentric with the said disc, a pawl mounted on the disc and adapted toengage with the teeth of the said ring to cause the disc to be rotatedby the ring. a spring tending to keep the pawl engaged with the teeth,two movable abutments at opposite ends of a diameter of the disc,adapted when moved into the path of the pawl to disengage it from-thetoothed ring, a reciprocating slide carrying the two abutment-s andadapted to move them into the path of the pawl alternately, so thatwhenever one abutment is withdrawn the disc rotates half a revolutionand is then stopped by the other abutment, stops on the ram, and meansactuated by the stops for reciprocating the said slide every time theram reaches the end of its stroke in either direction.

8. A hydraulically operated shaping machine as claimed in claim '7,further comprising a third abutment adapted to be moved by hand into thepath of the pawl midway between the other two abutments, to release thepawl and thereby bring the control slide to a standstill in the middleof its stroke.

ERWIN STURM.

